Public gas lights were seen as a means to reduce crime and until the 1840s they were regulated by police authorities.
The first independent commercial gas works were built by the Gas Light and Coke Company in Great Peter Street, Westminster, in 1812, with wooden pipes laid to gas lights on Westminster Bridge on New Year's Eve in 1813. This was shortly followed by one in Sowerby Bridge, constructed by Clegg for Henry Lodge. The earliest was in 1805, at Lee & Phillips, Salford Twist Mill, where eight gas holders were installed.
#DUMPLING AMBIENT LIGHT INSTALL#
William Murdoch and his pupil Samuel Clegg went on to install retorts in individual factories and other workplaces. A gasometer was incorporated into the first small gasworks built for the Soho manufactory in 1798. His system lacked a storage method until James Watt Junior adapted a Lavoisier gazomètre for this purpose. He joined Boulton and Watt, at the Soho manufactory in Birmingham in 1777, and in 1792 he built a retort to heat coal to produce the gas that illuminated his home and office in Redruth. Many people experimented with coal distillation to produce a flammable gas, including Jean Tardin (1618), Clayton (1684) Jean-Pierre Minckelers, Leuven (1785) and Pickel (D)(1786). Digging up streets to lay pipes required easements, and this delayed both further installation of street lighting, and the installation of gas for domestic illumination, heating and cooking. The credit for this installation goes to the German inventor and entrepreneur Frederick Albert Winsor. The first public piped gas supply was to thirteen gas lamps installed along the length of Pall Mall, London, in 1807. Coal gas was first used for municipal lighting, the gas being passed through wooden or metal pipes from the retort to the lantern. The spelling "gas holder" is used by the BBC, among other institutions, but the variant "gasholder" is more commonly used.Ī two-lift braced column-supported gas holder in West Ham, East Londonīefore the mid-20th century coal gas was produced in retorts by heating coal in the absence of air, the process being known as coal gasification. However, the term "gasometer" is still discouraged for use in technical circles, where "gas holder" is preferred. Gas holders were marked as gasometers on the large-scale maps issued by the British Ordnance Survey and term came to be used to label gas works, even though there may be several gas holders at any one gas works. Murdoch's associates objected that his "gasometer" was not a meter but a container, but the name was retained and came into general use. The anglicisation "gasometer" was adopted by William Murdoch, the inventor of gas lighting, in 1782, as the name for his gas holders. Watt then adapted the gazomètre for coal gas storage. James Watt Junior collaborated with Thomas Beddoes in constructing the pneumatic apparatus, a shortlived piece of medical equipment that incorporated a gazomètre. He published his Traité Élémentaire de Chimie in 1789. It enabled him to weigh the gas in a pneumatic trough with the precision he required. Antoine Lavoisier devised the first gas holder, which he called a gazomètre, to assist his work in pneumatic chemistry.
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